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The Archaeological Conservancy
The Archaeological Conservancy is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that acquires and preserves archaeological sites in the United States. Whereas nearly every other nation protects all archaeological sites within its borders as part of its national patrimony, in the United States archaeological resources on private land are the private property of the landowner.〔Michel, Mark, "(Private Property-National Legacy )", ''The SAA Archaeological Record'', May 2003〕 As a result, archaeological sites in the United States are subject to destruction by urban development and sprawl, mechanized agricultural and land-leveling, and commercial looting to fuel the antiquities trade.〔Davis, Hester, "(The Crisis in American Archeology )", ''Science'' 175:267-272 (1972).〕 By the 1970s the extent of archaeological site loss was increasing recognized as a crisis for the scientific study of the nation's past.〔〔McGimsey, Charles, "Archaeology and the Law", ''American Antiquity'', 36:125-126 (1971)〕〔Lipe, William, "A Conservation Model for American Archaeology", In ''Conservation Archaeology: A Guide for Cultural Resource Management Studies'', edited by M. Schiffer and G. Gumerman, pp. 3-18. Academic Press (1977)〕
==History, organization and means of operation==
The Conservancy was established in 1979 by Mark Michel, who continues to serve as its president; California businessman Jay Last; and archaeologist Steven A. LeBlanc using $300,000 in start-up funds from the Rockefeller Brothers Foundation and the Ford Foundation. The organization received a boost in stature and fund-raising ability in 1982 when former Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall joined its board of directors, where he served until his death in 2010.〔Steward, Tamara, "Thirty Years of Preservation", ''American Archaeology'' 13(4) Winter 2009-2010〕
The organization is headquartered in Albuquerque, New Mexico, but also operates regional offices in Mississippi, Maryland, Ohio, and California. In 2010 it reported a membership of about 23,000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Archaeological Conservancy )〕
The Archaeological Conservancy uses states' private property laws to protect archaeological sites. Typically it buys the land encompassing the sites, stabilizes the site to protect against erosion and other natural degradation, and prepares a management plan to guide the use of the property as an archaeological research preserve. The organization works closely with amateur and professional archaeologists, particularly State Historic Preservation Offices to identify sites worthy of acquisition.〔 Funding for the organization comes from membership dues, individual contributions, corporations and foundations.〔"Welcome to the Archaeological Conservancy", ''American Archaeology'' 14(4):4 Winter 2010-2011.〕
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